The topology of the ground-state potential energy surface of M(CN)₆ with orbitally degenerate ²T_2g (M = Ti^III (t_2g¹), Fe^III and Mn^II (both low-spin t_2g⁵)) and ³T_1g ground states (M = V^III (t_2g²), Mn^III and Cr^II (both low-spin t_2g⁴)) has been studied with linear and quadratic Jahn−Teller coupling models in the five-dimensional space of the ε_g and Ï„_2g octahedral vibrations (T_g⊗(ε_g+Ï„_2g) Jahn−Teller coupling problem (T_g = ²T_2g, ³T_1g)). A procedure is proposed to give access to all vibronic coupling parameters from geometry optimization with density functional theory (DFT) and the energies of a restricted number of Slater determinants, derived from electron replacements within the t_2g^1,5 or t_2g^2,4 ground-state electronic configurations. The results show that coupling to the Ï„_2g bending mode is dominant and leads to a stabilization of D_3d structures (absolute minima on the ground-state potential energy surface) for all complexes considered, except for [Ti(CN)₆]^3-, where the minimum is of D_4h symmetry. The Jahn−Teller stabilization energies for the D_3d minima are found to increase in the order of increasing CN−M Ï€ back-donation (Ti^III < V^III < Mn^III < Fe^III < Mn^II < Cr^II). With the angular overlap model and bonding parameters derived from angular distortions, which correspond to the stable D_3d minima, the effect of configuration interaction and spin−orbit coupling on the ground-state potential energy surface is explored. This approach is used to correlate Jahn−Teller distortion parameters with structures from X-ray diffraction data. Jahn−Teller coupling to trigonal modes is also used to reinterpret the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibilities and g tensors of [Fe(CN)₆]^3-, and the ³T_1g ground-state splitting of [Mn(CN)₆]^3-, deduced from near-IR spectra. The implications of the pseudo Jahn−Teller coupling due to t_2g−e_g orbital mixing via the trigonal modes (Ï„_2g) and the effect of the dynamic Jahn−Teller coupling on the magnetic susceptibilities and g tensors of [Fe(CN)₆]^3- are also addressed.

A new 1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene substituted naphthopyranone 2 has been synthesized and characterized. UV–vis spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetry results, interpreted on the basis of density functional theory, show that 2 displays an intramolecular charge-transfer transition and acts like a donor–acceptor (D–A) system. Furthermore, a weak fluorescence originating from the excited charge-transfer state is observed.

The cubic Prussian blue analogue Mn₃[Mn(CN)₆]₂ · 15 H₂O, which has the advantage of being transparent and magnetic (T_N = 35 K) at the same time, has been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The three-dimensional structure is built of Mn^II ions linked to Mn^III ions by μ-bridging cyanides, to form a crystal structure, which is related to the NaCl type. In a first step, the relative stabilities of the mononuclear complexes [Mn(CN)₆]^z- (z = 2 to 4) have been studied as a function of the oxidation state, spin configuration, and the linkage isomerism of the cyanide ligand. The results we have obtained by this investigation are in good agreement with our chemical expertise. In addition, the calculations have been extended to the dinuclear [Mn₂(CN)₁₁]^z- (z = 5 and 6) clusters. Furthermore, we used DFT to model the magnetic properties as well as the ³T₁ → ¹T₂ transition, which has been observed by single-crystal near-IR spectra of Mn₃[Mn(CN)₆]₂ · 15 H₂O.

The ground- and excited-state properties of both [Ru(bz)₂]²⁺ and crystalline bis(η⁶-benzene)ruthenium(II) p-toluenesulfonate are investigated using the density functional theory. A symmetry-based technique is employed to calculate the energies of the multiplet structure splitting of the singly excited triplet states. For the crystalline system, a Buckingham potential is introduced to describe the intermolecular interactions between the [Ru(bz)₂]²⁺ system and its first shell of neighbor molecules. The overall agreement between experimental and calculated ground- and excited-state properties is good, as far as the absolute transition energies, the Stokes shift, and the geometry of the excited states are concerned. The calculated d-d excitation energies of the isolated cluster are typically 1000-2000 cm^-1 too low. An energy lowering is obtained in a_1g → e_1g(³E_1g) excited state when the geometry of [Ru(bz)₂]²⁺ is bent along the e_1u Renner-Teller active coordinate. It vanishes as the crystal packing is taken into account.

The ground- and excited-state properties of both gas phase and crystalline ruthenocene, Ru(cp)₂, are investigated using density functional theory. A symmetry-based technique is employed to calculate the energies of the multiplet splittings of the singly excited triplet states. For the crystalline system, a Buckingham potential is introduced to describe the intermolecular interactions between a given Ru(cp)₂ molecule and its first shell of neighbors. The overall agreement between experimental and calculated ground- and excited-state properties is very good as far as absolute transition energies, the Stokes shift and the geometry of the excited states are concerned. An additional energy lowering in the ³B₂ component of the 5a1′→4e1″ excited state is obtained when the pseudolinear geometry of Ru(cp)₂ is relaxed along the low-frequency bending vibration.